The presentation is highly appropriate to the content. The proposal itself shows expert awareness of audience, context, and community expectations.
The proposal topic demonstrates a superior understanding of purpose. The language is consistently clear and appropriate. Evidence is integrated smoothly and skillfully into sentences transitions clearly connect ideas and evidence. Problem-and- solution paragraphs have a central point and are developed fully the recommendation is appropriate. The introduction sparks interest and leads expertly to the thesis. The text also shows ample evidence of the writer’s intent to consciously meet or challenge conventional expectations in rhetorically effective ways. This is lexical cohesion.The text always adheres to the “Editing Focus” of this chapter: subject-verb agreement as discussed in Section 6.6. An example is the phrase "once upon a time". Collocation uses related words that typically go together or tend to repeat the same meaning. For example, "Which dress are you going to wear?" – "I will wear my green frock," uses the synonyms "dress" and "frock" for lexical cohesion. Repetition uses the same word, or synonyms, antonyms, etc. There are two forms: repetition and collocation. Lexical cohesion refers to the way related words are chosen to link elements of a text. For example, "Which ice-cream would you like?" – "I would like the pink one," where "one" is used instead of repeating "ice-cream." The omitted words from the second clause are "child" and "was".Ī word is not omitted, as in ellipsis, but is substituted for another, more general word.
#Coherence examples ap english full
The full form of B's reply would be: "I am going to dance".Ī simple written example: The younger child was very outgoing, the older much more reserved. It happens when, after a more specific mention, words are omitted when the phrase must be repeated. For example, the meaning of the phrase "the Queen" may be determined by the country in which it is spoken.Įllipsis is another cohesive device. Halliday and Hasan considered exophoric reference as not cohesive, since it does not tie two elements together into in text.Ī homophoric reference is a generic phrase that obtains a specific meaning through knowledge of its context. The prefix "exo" means "outside", and the persons or events referred to in this manner are never identified by the writer. rather than introduce a concept, the writer refers to it by a generic word such as "everything". Exophoric reference is used to describe generics or abstracts without ever identifying them (in contrast to anaphora and cataphora, which do identify the entity and thus are forms of endophora): e.g.There is one more referential device, which cannot create cohesion: it's John Doe!" Cataphoric references can also be found in written text. For example: "Here he comes, our award-winning host. Something is introduced in the abstract before it is identified.
Cataphoric reference is the opposite of anaphora: a reference forward as opposed to backward in the discourse.Another example can be found in formulaic sequences such as "as stated previously" or "the aforementioned". Some examples: replacing "the taxi driver" with the pronoun "he" or "two girls" with "they". Anaphoric reference occurs when the writer refers back to someone or something that has been previously identified, to avoid repetition.There are two referential devices that can create cohesion: Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan identify five general categories of cohesive devices that create coherence in texts: reference, ellipsis, substitution, lexical cohesion and conjunction. lexical cohesion: based on lexical content and background knowledge.Ī cohesive text is created in many different ways.grammatical cohesion: based on structural content.It is related to the broader concept of coherence. Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning.
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